Asset Protection

DISINHERITED HEIRS NOT ALWAYS A SURPRISE

Published on: January 15, 2016 | by Ettinger Law Firm

It happens often enough that a parent for many reasons decides to disinherit one, several or all of his/her children. At the same time, this is often not a controversial decision and is just as common both understandable and predicable. Perhaps a person promised their estate to a specific child, stepchild or niece or nephew for taking care of them instead of being required to be sent to a long term continuing care facility. Perhaps the parent provided financial largesse to his/her via college education, graduate school and even helped them purchase a house but had one child who had special needs who always lived at home and insured that child’s future by funding a trust during his/her lifetime and then disinherited all of his/her other children by putting the whole of the estate into the trust.

Mickey Rooney was a very well known and well paid actor that had a long career, with many children and many marriages and disinherited his children. He instead left his estate to his stepson and explained that his kids were better off than he was. By the time Mr. Rooney passed, his estate dwindled to just about $18,000, so there was little incentive for any of his kids to contest the will, although the same did not hold true for Mr. Rooney’s then current spouse. Unfortunately for some families, this can be a shock and there are sufficient incentives for the family to contest the will.

INVALIDATING THE WILL

LET GO OF MY INHERITANCE – INTERFERENCE WITH AN EXPECTANCY

Published on: January 6, 2016 | by Ettinger Law Firm

WRONGFUL INTERFERENCE WITH WILL

It is known by many different names, depending on the state and the era. Most recently it made its appearance in news headlines with the name – intentional interference with expected inheritance, sometimes even shortened it IIEI. The United States Supreme Court referred to it as “a widely recognized” cause of action and as the “tort of interference with a gift or inheritance” in the Anna Nicole Smith case. Marshall v. Marshall, 547 U.S. 293, 296 (2006). The matter has surfaced in the news over at least the last century, most famously (perhaps infamously) in the Father Divine case in New York, in 1949. Latham v. Father Divine, 299 N.Y. 22 (1949).

The American Law Institute published the The Restatement of Torts (Second) of Torts in 1979. That was the first time that the tort, known by many names, was formally recognized as such. Prior to this, the principal and concept was recognized but only in the most egregious of circumstances. There are several seminal cases that speak to the larger concept, one of which was the New York case dealing with Father Divine case noted above.

HOW LONG CAN IRS COME AFTER ME? THE SUMNER REDSTONE CASE

Published on: January 2, 2016 | by Ettinger Law Firm

Sumner Redstone is an entertainment business mogul with a majority share ownership of CBS entertainment and Viacom, and through Viacom, BET and Paramount Pictures, all through his majority ownership of his family business, National Amusement, which originally started out in the drive in movie theater business during The Great Depression. In just the last few weeks a case against Mr. Redstone by the IRS presents an oddity in the law, which may make many people shutter. More particularly, the IRS issued a Notice of Deficiency for a taxable event from 1972 – over 40 years later.

The nature of the case revolved around a transfer of shares in National Amusement Corporation in 1972 to separate trusts set up for the grandchildren of the founder, Sumner Redstone’s father Michael Redstone. Sumner set up one trust for his kids while his siblings set up separate trusts for their kids. At the time the transfer of interfamily stock was of a insignificant amount that passing them from personal ownership to a trust did not even require a tax return. One can and should ask about the concept of a statute of limitation.

Apparently, as the case against Mr. Redstone shows, the IRS does not have a statute of limitation for unfiled tax returns. 26 U.S.C. § 6501(c)(1) establishes that when a taxpayer files a fraudulent tax return, (c)(2) otherwise attempts to avoid tax liability, or (c)(3) fails to file a tax return, there is no statute of limitation. Mr. Redstone has an impressive educational pedigree, where he graduated from first in his class from the Boston Latin School and then graduated Harvard in only three years in 1944, which was actually common at the time. After graduation he served as an officer in the United States Army, helping to decode Japanese messages. He attended Georgetown Law School after the war and then received his LL.B. in 1947 from Harvard Law. After working for various governmental departments followed by private practice, Mr. Redstone went to work for the family business, which was booming by then.

LONGEVITY INSURANCE – DEFERRED INCOME ANNUITY

Published on: December 29, 2015 | by Ettinger Law Firm

Deferred income annuities are a financial product that, by definition, are paid in one premium and payout after at least one year after purchase. While they have been around for quite some time, although they are only beginning to come into their own as a part of a sound retirement strategy. Deferred income annuities are more colloquially known as longevity insurance, especially when purchased by retirees for when they reach 80 to 85 years of age. Much of the increase in sales for longevity insurance can be tied to an IRS bulletin formally published in The Federal Register on July 21, 2014 that allows for the recipient of the deferred income annuity to defer taxation until the age of 85. As with any formal federal rulemaking determination, there is a long period of time for study and public comment. As such, on February 2, 2010 the Departments of Labor and Treasury publicly requested comment on the issue of allowing for use of these annuities, with a second round with a specific regulation tied to it, that commenced on February 3, 2012.

HYRBRID ANNUITY

Traditionally there were generally two types of annuities. The first is the variable annuity with guaranteed benefits and the second type is the immediate annuity. The variable annuity with guaranteed benefits is wildly popular, with $39.8 billion in sales in just the first quarter of 2011 alone. Often these annuities do not encourage or sometimes even permit the beneficiary to tap into the annuity until years after the initial purchase.

INHERITING A LEASE

Published on: December 12, 2015 | by Ettinger Law Firm

VALUABLE ASSET

A residential lease in New York City or any desirable locale can provide many benefits. Some people wait years to get into a rent stabilized apartment. There is even a Seinfeld episode where Elaine quips that some people scan the obituaries to see if someone in a rent stabilized apartment has passed away. It is a common occurrence for many people to live decades and raise generations of families in their rent controlled rental unit. Many cities have their own laws dealing with how to inherit these leases. New York Real Property Actions and Proceedings §236 law deals permits an estate to inherit the lease of a deceased person and New York Estate Powers and Trusts Laws §13-1.1(a)(1) also holds that a lease is an asset of an estate. In addition, many local laws housing and regulations also mandate how and when a lease may be inherited. New York City ended its Rent Control laws in 1971, yet still has approximately 38,000 rental units listed under the old Rent Control laws, as once the lease is under the Rent Control law it remains until it is no longer. Going forward New York leases are generally covered by Rent Stabilization laws, also covered by the same laws dealing with succession of a residential lease. Rental units under the rent stabilization laws are the most common type of residential lease. These leases will remain for so time due to the right to succeed these leases by other family members or even friends. Most particularly, New York Code, Rules and Regulations §2532.5(b) allows for family members to succeed the lease. Landlords have been known to fight like the devil to regain possession of these rentals, sometimes offering cold hard cash, from $40,000 on the low end to $17,000,000 on the high end.

HOW TO INHERIT OR SUCCEED – COHABITATION

QUALIFIED TERMINABLE INTEREST PROPERTY TRUST

Published on: November 30, 2015 | by Ettinger Law Firm

QTIP TRUSTS – WHAT IS IT?

In our society, with divorces as common as it is, many people would likely benefit from a qualified terminable interest property (QTIP) trust. The QTIP trust gives a stream of income produced from a trust to a surviving spouse. That money passes without payment of any estate tax, as the spouse enjoys the unlimited marital deduction for estate taxes. The surviving spouse does not obtain title to the income producing property or control over it. The QTIP trust documents control where it goes after the surviving spouse passes away. It allows for the interim benefit of the surviving spouse, while preserving the income producing property. After the surviving spouse passes, the property goes to the heirs as designated by the QTIP trust.

ELEMENTS OF A QTIP TRUST

DISCRETIONARY TRUSTS

Published on: November 24, 2015 | by Ettinger Law Firm

PROTECT ASSETS FROM CREDITORS

The Domestic Asset Protection Trust is becoming more and more popular lately in various jurisdictions. Alaska created the first such law, effective April 2, 1997, with Delaware’s law going into effect on July 9, 1997. Since that time, 13 additional states adopted some form of an asset protection trust scheme. At least one of them, Hawaii, openly states in the very language of the law itself, that it seeks to create favorable laws to attract foreign capital and entice wealthy individuals across the United States and world to deposit a portion of their net worth in Hawaii for asset and trust protection and management. It is designed to increase the assets within Hawaii’s financial sector, increase tax revenues and position itself as a leading jurisdiction in financial management. There is little uniformity across the jurisdictions. Some jurisdictions, such as Delaware, carve out an exception for child support and separate maintenance of a separated or ex-spouse, while others, such as Nevada, has no exception for child support or separate maintenance creditors.

NEW YORK LONG ESTABLISHED PROTECTIONS AGAINST CREDITORS

FAIR HOUSING ACT IN SENIOR HOUSING

Published on: November 22, 2015 | by Ettinger Law Firm

CIVIL RIGHT ACTS DEALING WITH ELDER LAW MATTERS

The Fair Housing Act of 1968 was one of the raft of civil rights acts promulgated to help make the promises of Civil Rights Era real. In its current, amended form, it prohibits discrimination in the sale, rental and financing of housing based on, among other things, disability status. The Age Discrimination Act of 1975 is another enactment that speaks to the issue of senior housing, as it bars age discrimination in any program or activity that receives federal financial assistance. While there is a “housing for older person exemption” that is beneficial for seniors who need the special services found in many communities, the right to restrict housing is limited to only certain delineated situations. Indeed, the protections for senior housing are broad and robust.

HIDDEN FAIR HOUSING VIOLATIONS ISSUES IN SENIOR HOUSING

ASSUMPTION OF POTENTIAL TAX LIABILITY MAY AFFECT ESTATE PLANNING

Published on: November 21, 2015 | by Ettinger Law Firm

GIFT TAX LIABILITY

Gift tax liability and estate planning sometimes intersect. The tax Court case of Steinberg v. Commissioner, 141 T.C. No. 8 (Sept. 30, 2013) deals with an interesting issue, if tax law can ever be interesting, where gift tax liability and estate tax liability intersect. It is important to note that the opinion deals with gift tax liability and how to measure gift tax liability, it nonetheless deals with some important estate tax implications. In 2007, Ms. Jean Steinberg gifted approximately $71,000,000 in cash and securities to her four daughters. In exchange, the daughters agreed to pay the gift taxes as well as the estate tax on the transfer should Ms. Steinberg pass away within three years of the gift transfer. An appraiser valued that the daughters assumed approximately $6,000,000 in tax liability for the estate taxes alone. When Ms. Steinberg filed her tax return, the IRS disagreed with the $6,000,000 write off, as the daughter’s assumption of estate tax liability did not increase the value of the estate. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) claimed that Ms. Steinberg owed an additional approximately $2,000,000 in taxes and mailed her a notice of deficiency.

ESTATE TAX LIABILITY

PROTECTING SENIORS – UNDERSTANDING ELDER ABUSE

Published on: November 19, 2015 | by Ettinger Law Firm

NEW YORK LAW ON ELDER ABUSE

New York, much like every other state in the country, has a system in place to deal with elder abuse. It is both preventative and remedial in nature. Many people are more familiar with analogous child abuse protection laws. Unlike child abuse protection laws, New York does not have a mandatory reporting law and does not maintain a central registry on data on elder abuse. In fact, New York is one of only four states that does not mandate reporting of elder abuse. Unique amongst the states, New York has no law at all dealing with reporting. It should be noted, however, that as of writing of the present, Assembly Bill A3743 for the 2015-2016 legislative session is pending which would create a mandatory reporting law and a central registry.

PREVALENCE OF ELDER ABUSE