Estate Taxes

IRS Releases Trusts and Estate Statistics

Published on: February 14, 2014 | by Ettinger Law Firm

Discussion about the estate and trust tax issues usually centers on political debate about the rates and exemption levels or case-studies of the tax burden for famous or wealthy individuals. Far less often discussed is general information about the tax, including how much was actually collected, the total number of individuals affected, and similar details.

Fortunately, to fill in that gap, every year the IRS releases statistics, including those affected trusts and estates. A rather detailed list of information can be found in various spreadsheet on the IRS website. Also provided is a handy sheet offering a “snapshot” of many interesting trust and estate tax details. The most recent year’s tally was just released, providing a helpful primer for those interested in how these federal taxes actually affect residents.

The Data

Estate Battles the IRS – The Michael Jackson Example

Published on: February 11, 2014 | by Ettinger Law Firm

When most hear the phrase “estate battle” the mind immediately jumps to fighting between families. Sadly, in the tumult of a passing, it is not uncommon for even close relatives to disagree sharply over how an assets should be divided. However, estate fights can also refer to legal problems related to taxes and the IRS. Tax matters are intricately woven into estate matters, and when problems arise, you can be sure that the IRS will be ready to defend their position in court.

How Much Was Jackson’s Estate Worth?

To understand how these IRS estate battles often play out, one need look no further than continued wrangling over perhaps one of the largest estates in recent memory. Famed entertainer Michael Jackson died in 2009. However, the estate is still fighting with the Internal Revenue Service regarding how many taxes need to be paid.

Clamor Continues Around State Estate Tax – Are Increased Exemptions Coming?

Published on: February 3, 2014 | by Ettinger Law Firm

The New York Times reported late last month on a growing trend across the country–discussions about lowering estate tax obligations on state residents. The estate tax is the bite the government takes out of an individual’s assets before they go to heirs. There are two layers of tax, at the federal and state level. Under current law, the federal tax kicks in on all assets over $5.34 million for individuals at a top rate of 40%.

But the federal tax is not the only concern of residents, because many individual states have their own tax, including New York. The New York tax starts far lower–at $1 million. This means that even those residents who have no concerns about the federal estate tax still must account for their obligation under state law.

Lower NY Estate Taxes

Favorable New York Estate Tax Laws on the Horizon?

Published on: January 13, 2014 | by Ettinger Law Firm

New York State, known as one of the heavier tax-imposers in the country particularly when it comes to estate tax, may soon be more appealing to retirees. New York may be following on the heels of the federal government’s revamped estate tax codes, which raised exemption amounts to levels that effectively omitted the vast majority of individuals and families from an Uncle Sam estate tax hit. The New York State Tax Relief Commission issued a December 2013 report that proposes changes in 2014 to lower the highest estate tax rate and raise the exemption amount to the same levels as that imposed by the federal government.

The Potential for Major Estate Tax Relief

The federal government and seventeen states impose taxes on estates upon the death of the individual. Each exempts a certain amount of an estate’s net worth from these taxes, although these amounts differ state to state. Thanks to the passage of the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, starting in 2013 the federal government began operating under new rules for estate taxes that significantly increased the exemption amount and provided that this value would be indexed each year for inflation.

Gift Tax Benefits Expiring At End of Year?

Published on: December 20, 2013 | by Ettinger Law Firm

Timing is critical in estate planning for many reasons. Most obviously, because plans are intended to help ease the burden in the aftermath of a death, they must be in place before one dies (or loses the capacity to make legal decisions). But timing also matters to the extent that the law changes and alters the options available to planners.

This is most clear when it comes to taxes. Different tax rates, allowable deductions, and other details are frequently changing. Many individuals act quickly to take advantage of certain favorable situations before they are set to expire.

IRA Gift Tax Break

Would Changes to Charitable Tax Deductions Affect American Gifting?

Published on: December 4, 2013 | by Ettinger Law Firm

Many New York residents make charitable giving a part of their estate plan. Whether for estate tax benefits to pass on values and ethics to family members and many other reasons, residents commonly set aside certain assets to go to causes about which they are passionate.

However, according to a new report from a conservative “think tank” if any changes are made to federal rules about charitable tax deductions, then one can expect total giving in the country to decrease by billions each year. Before delving into the details it is critical to point out that the group releasing the study, the American Enterprise Institute (AEI), is known as a long-time opponent of all changes which would increase tax revenues. In addition, this AEI estimate is far higher than that found in similar studies by other groups.

The Charitable Giving Report

New Decision on Valuation of New York LLC for Estate Tax Purposes

Published on: December 2, 2013 | by Ettinger Law Firm

Last month the United States tax court issues a decision in a case which caught the eye of many involved in estate planning matters. The main issues in the case, Tanenblatt v. Commission of Internal Revenue, was the value of a deceased individual’s interest in a limited liability company. As most know, estate taxes are based on the value of the total assets owned by an individual at the time of passing. Consequently, determining the exact value of items like a business interest are critical in determining the tax burden. As you might imagine, there is frequently disagreement between surviving family members and the IRS regarding the overall assessments.

LLC Value

The tax court opinion (viewed in full online here) explains how the case involves a family that received a notice of deficiency from the IRS, claiming that an additional $309,000 in federal estate taxes was due. The discord was caused by confusion over the value of the decedent’s interest in a New York LLC (the 37-41 East 18th Street Realty Co.). As the name implies, the LLC’s main asset was a building on 18th Street in New York City. In preparing their tax return, the family essentially determined the value of the building (using an income capitalization approach), added a few smaller assets, applied “net asset value” (discounts for various reasons), multiplied by the individual’s percent interest and determined the value of the share in the LLC — around $1 million.

Congressman on Future of Estate Tax

Published on: November 27, 2013 | by Ettinger Law Firm

At the beginning of 2013, a federal compromise was reached which seemed to put to rest the uncertainty surrounding the estate tax. Based on the January law, the federal estate tax excludes property up to $5.25 million this year, with that figure set in the future and pegged for inflation. The top tax rate for assets over that amount is 40%, representing a slight increase from the previous level of 35%. In addition, the new law keeps transfers between spouses tax-free and makes “portability” permanent. Portability is the tool that allows one spouse to take advantage of the other spouse’s unused exemption.

Importantly for New York residents, all of those details apply only to the federal estate tax. There are still New York inheritance taxes to consider which take effect at a far lower level–$1 million.

The Future

Inheritance Dispute: Family Claims IRS Overvalued Artwork

Published on: November 21, 2013 | by Ettinger Law Firm

Estate tax rates at both the federal and state level are set by lawmakers, and there is little that any individual can do on thee law. However, residents can significantly alter their tax burden with smart estate planning–like prioritizing tax free transfers (to a spouse), using protected trusts, and more.

But there is also another aspect to the estate bill that is often overlooked–the appraisal. The tax burden is based on applying a tax rate to the value of an asset. But who decides the value? Actual laws which set the rates cannot account for this detail, and so disputes about appraisals are quite common, often with millions of dollars on the line.

Theoretically, the value of many different assets can be disputed. But in practical terms there are some types of property that are open to far more value uncertainty, often spurring challenge. Perhaps the most obvious example is that of high-end artwork. There may be significant disagreement about how much each piece of art is worth.

Tax Evasion Case – Hiding Inheritance from IRS

Published on: September 10, 2013 | by Ettinger Law Firm

One important purpose of estate planning is to ensure that as many assets as possible pass on to friends, families, and charities–instead of Uncle Sam. Using trusts and other legal arrangements to structure an inheritance is a prudent move for all New York families, but particularly those with sizeable assets. Taxes at both the state and federal level can take a significant chunk out of any inheritance. There are many high-profile cases of individual who failed to take advantage of all the planning tools at their disposal, resulting in an inflated tax bill. The estate of actor James Gandolfini’s, settled in New York, is just one recent example of how millions can be lost to taxes.

Illegally Cutting Corners

Unfortunately, some families may be tempted to cut corners and resort to illegal conduct in order to prevent the government from collecting on a large tax bill. The temptation to act in this manner is even higher when prudent estate planning is not conducted at the outset.