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In the recent case of Odom v. Coleman, a brother and sister initiated legal action against another in a matter involving their father’s estate. The dispute between the two siblings focused on whether the father’s estate should be reformed in accordance with Texas Estates Code Section 255.451(a)(3) that allows courts to modify or reform a will if necessary to correct a “scrivener’s error” in the terms of the will to conform with the testator’s intent which must be based on clear and convincing evidence.

The Will In This Case

The will in this case contained a residuary clause that passed on personal property to the son and then the daughter. A rigid interpretation of the will found that the deceased man’s real property would not be included in the residuary cause instead passed through intestacy. The son then initiated legal action to revise the will to omit the word “personal” in the residuary clause. The trial court ultimately for the son and the daughter appealed.

Medicaid is a federal and state program available to individuals who satisfy certain eligibility requirements. Disbursements from Medicaid are designed to help people pay for long-term care costs. Long-term costs often create substantial financial challenges for elderly Americans as well as their loved ones who lose both time and income while caring for their loved ones. Medicaid is still one of the best ways to pay for long-term care. 

Unfortunately, many Americans wait until catastrophic events occur before obtaining Medicare. Under stress, families can commit various errors including listening to misinformed individuals. Medicaid crisis planning allows a person to qualify for Medicaid nursing homes without spending all of a person’s assets.

When it comes to Medicaid, crisis planning exists for individuals who have an imminent need for Medicaid. This urgency can arise if a person is diagnosed with an immediate condition like ALS (“Lou Gehrig’s Disease) which requires immediate placement in a nursing home. In these situations, applicants often have no idea of how much nursing home costs. 

There are more than 40 million family members in the United States who act as caregivers for loved ones. There are also many ways to provide the requisite care for your aging loved one. 

If you recently placed a loved one in a nursing home, you’re likely still getting comfortable with the idea that your loved one will reside in a nursing home. You likely also want to make sure that your loved one receives the best care possible while there. 

As a result, this article reviews some helpful strategies that you can follow to make sure your loved one in a nursing home receives the appropriate care. 

The coronavirus pandemic has substantially altered the way that we engage in business. There are, however, ways to sign estate planning documents remotely without needing to be in close proximity to anyone. 

To better prepare you for navigating the estate planning process remotely, this article reviews some important details that you should remember.

# 1 – Executive Order No. 202.7

Many families in New York, as well as the rest of the country, are considered “blended”, which means that many families bring children from previous relationships into new relationships or marriages. Whether or not a family is blended can end up influencing how families should structure estate plans to achieve various goals. 

Under New York law, an adopted child is treated identically to how biological children of the adopting parent are. There are, however, unique issues to consider when it comes to adoption and estate planning. Some of these key concepts are discussed in this article.

# 1 – Establishing a Trust

In the recent case, In the Estate of Hohmann, a person passed away without leaving an executed will. The deceased man’s caretaker, however, found a handwritten document where the deceased man stated his wishes for his assets. The deceased’s cousin later applied to probate the handwritten document like a written will. An heir of the deceased man later filed an opposition to the probate process. The trial court then granted summary judgment for the opponent and the applicant appealed.

The court of appeals subsequently held that valid wills must be in writing, signed by a testator, and attested by two or more credible witnesses. Even if a document does not meet these requirements, however, it can be admitted to probate as a holographic will if it is handwritten entirely by the testator and the testator placed a signature or initials on the document to execute it. 

The court then held that the document had not been signed and was not valid. The court also noted that while signatures can be informal and that the location of signatures is of secondary importance, the testator must intend his name or mark to constitute a signature. In this case, however, the court found no evidence indicating that the testator intended the phrase to be used in such a way. The court also found that when the written document is viewed as a whole, the testator’s signed names bore no connection to any other provisions in the document.

Executors as well as the personal representatives of estates can be held personally liable for either applying or distributing estate assets when there are unpaid estate taxes owed in case the Internal Revenue Service is not paid. When estate tax returns are not filed, the final amount of estate taxes due is not determined until either the statute of limitations expires or an audit occurs. Consequently, estate fiduciaries are left uncertain about whether or when an adjustment to estate taxes will occur if the Internal Revenue Service has accepted an estate tax return as filled. 

This type of response is unfair to both fiduciaries and beneficiaries because the most fiscally responsible fiduciaries can hold back on distributions until the amount taxed is more certain. To assist fiduciaries in assessing whether tax is due, an estate tax return is filed with the IRS. These returns are often issued following review by the Internal Revenue Service and a decision about not to audit or following the completion of post-audit procedures or litigation. 

The Role of Estate Tax Closing Letters

One of the most recurring themes about estate planning as well as retirement strategies is to minimize risk. As a result, if you plan on creating a comprehensive retirement plan, you should make sure to also include an adequate estate plan. While you will hopefully enjoy a long and comfortable retirement, it is still important to consider what will happen if you don’t survive to retirement. This article reviews some of the most critical reasons why you should make sure to address estate planning issues while plotting your retirement. 

# 1 – What Happens If You Pass Away Without a Will

If you pass away without a will describing how your assets should be passed on, a New York court will be required to follow in regards to how assets are distributed. This often results in family members fighting one another for the outcome of a case. While the news is full of this dilemma happening with famous people like Prince and Tom Petty, it’s also a common occurrence among people with smaller estates. As a result, it is critical to make sure that you at least write a will addressing how your assets are distributed. Even if you do not have a large estate, wills can still play a critical role in passing on any meaningful type of property that you own. 

After moving between states, many people are overwhelmed and overlook critical estate planning steps. This can lead to undesirable estate planning results because different states treat issues like marital property and taxes differently. In these situations, it helps to understand some helpful advice about how to revise and update your estate plan.

# 1 – Estate, Gift, and Inheritance Taxes

Federal estate tax only applies to individuals with estates whose assets are greater than $11.58 million, but state estate and gift taxes can be placed on much lower asset values. Currently, 18 states and the District of Columbia place either state or inheritance taxes on both residents and non-residents with assets in the state. The tax rate as well as the amount of excluded assets, however, varies substantially between states. Most states do not place estate taxes on transfers to a surviving spouse. Whether you move into or out of a state that imposes an estate or inheritance tax, your estate plan might need to be revised to reflect the change in taxes. For example, the New York estate tax ranges from 5 to 16 percent and is substantially lower than the federal tax rate.

A power of appointment allows a person engaged in estate planning to direct where interest in an estate or trust is passed. Appointments are often classified as either general or limited/special. A general power of appointment gives the holder broad power to transfer a deceased person’s property. For example, if a person is permitted to give the property to anyone, this is a general power of appointment. A special power of appointment gives a person the power to give a deceased person’s assets to a certain group of individuals. These groups cannot include the recipient, the recipient’s estate, or the recipient’s creditors. 

When utilized correctly, powers of appointment are a powerful estate planning tool. These powers are highly nuanced, however, which is why this article reviews some critical details that people engaged in the estate planning process should remember about powers of appointment.

# 1 – Powers of Appointment Provide Flexibility

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