New York Estate Planning & Elder Law Blog

Donating Real Estate to Charity

Published on: March 27, 2017 | by Ettinger Law Firm

When people begin the process of estate planning or take time to review their existing estate plan, they have many tax considerations to think about. How they distribute their assets will determine what taxes, if any, will apply to their estate. They may consider creating a trust for their children, they might want to “gift” some of their assets to take advantage of evolving tax law, and/or they may choose to donate some of their assets to charity. If you are considering donating real estate to charity as part of your estate plan, it is important to be aware of the possible tax consequences doing so might have.

Charities vs. Foundations

Both public charities and private foundations can be nonprofit organizations if they have applied for and been granted 501(c)(3) status, which means that contributions to such organizations can qualify for tax deductions. However, when real estate is involved, the tax deduction for a donation can vary depending on what type of organization it is.

Understanding the Law – Relocating a Trust

Published on: March 25, 2017 | by Ettinger Law Firm

Sometimes after setting up a trust, circumstances occur that change our goals for that trust. Recently, we wrote about how to fix a broken trust which occurs when a trust no longer serves the purpose for which it was established. However, a broken trust is not always the only reason a trust might need to be modified. Depending on the circumstances surrounding your trust, there are several factors to consider when deciding whether or not to move a trust.

Common Reasons to Move a Trust

One of the most common reasons for creating a trust is to take advantage of more favorable tax consequences related to trusts. As such, one of the most common reasons to want to move a trust is to take advantage of more favorable tax-related trust laws in another state. Some other reasons for moving a trust might include:

Different Ways to Title Property in Estate Planning

Published on: March 24, 2017 | by Ettinger Law Firm

When titling property pertaining to estate planning, there are many considerations to make in order to properly distribute assets and property to your loved ones upon your death. Depending upon your estate planning measures, you make seek to title property in order to pass automatically to a lineal descendant, in order to avoid probate, or in order to allow your executor to sell, gift, or transfer your interest in property.

Ownership

Sole ownership, the title position in which you are the sole owner of the property, is the most common form of ownership for single individuals. They have full rights to property while alive and also to pass at death. This type of title will pass subject to probate, by the decedent’s will or if they fail to execute a will, by intestate, also known as the process by which a court will determine your estate execution.

Thinking Ahead: Taking Estate Planning Seriously

Published on: March 22, 2017 | by Ettinger Law Firm

While Americans have definitely paid more attention to estate planning in the last several years, not enough are yet taking estate planning as seriously as they should. According to WealthManagement.com citing a survey from Caring.com, only slightly over 40 percent of Americans have estate planning documents in place. The number of those individuals that have a healthcare power of attorney document in place is even lower. It is critical for all Americans to consider comprehensive estate planning as an important part of aging and responsible financial planning. It’s also important to remember that effective estate planning doesn’t end at the creation of an estate plan, but also includes modifying that plan as your individual circumstances may dictate.

Planning in Politically Volatile Times

The last year has seen a great deal of political turmoil both here in the United States and in countries around the world. Regardless of how you may feel about these events, they may have a serious impact on your estate planning. One such event is the United Kingdom’s successful referendum to leave the European Union. Many retirement investment accounts were affected or even frozen because of the decision to leave the European Union, and many investors are still trying to figure out how to cope with these changes. If you have assets that could be affected by these types of political changes, it is important to work with a financial planner as well as an estate planning attorney to make sure that your estate plan accounts for these changes.

Overzealous Powers of Attorney and How to Handle Them

Published on: March 22, 2017 | by Ettinger Law Firm

When determining how you want your estate and assets administered upon your death, it is also important to consider how you want decisions made in the event that you cannot make them for yourself. Naming a power of attorney has a number of benefits that will avoid any drawn out court proceedings to name an agent in the event of your incapacitation. Power of attorney documents name an individual, also known as an agent, to perform specific tasks when you cannot. These powers can vary, as there is medical/health care power of attorney and also property or financial power of attorney powers.

Medical power of attorney gives an individual the ability to make your health care decisions, such as where you should receive care, if you should receive a specific treatment in the event your wishes are not listed, as well as dealing with your insurance and medical premiums. Financial powers of attorney allow an individual, upon a specific event, to handle a variety of your financial matters on your behalf. While many people will name someone as power of attorney in the event of incapacitation, some will name a power of attorney to take effect immediately, thus, delegating decision making power.

These situations are predisposed to undue influence, something the court is very suspect of and will closely monitor in the event they believe an individual is abusing their power of attorney role over an elderly individual. In the event that you are competent and have named someone as a power of attorney, but due to a number of circumstances, including the end to a relationship or a possibility of undue influence, you wish to revoke the power of attorney, you can do so by delivering a notice to the power of attorney, your estate attorney, as well as other interested parties notified of the document.

What Happens to Your IRA When You Pass Away?

Published on: March 20, 2017 | by Ettinger Law Firm

Unfortunately, traditional social security often doesn’t provide the means for seniors to live comfortably after they retire. The cost of living often rises quicker than adjustments can be made to social security allowances. There are many different types of retirement savings strategies to help supplement your retirement income so that you do not have to rely solely on social security. One such strategy is an Individual Retirement Account, or IRA, which is a type of retirement savings account where you can contribute funds for your own retirement. The two main types, traditional IRAs and Roth IRAs, differ in how they are taxed but offer the same basic benefit: supplemental retirement income. However, it is important to be aware of what happens to an IRA when the person who owns it passes away.

When the IRA Has a Valid Beneficiary

Typically, an IRA is a non-probate asset. That means that all you usually need to distribute an IRA upon death is a valid beneficiary form. In cases where a valid beneficiary form has been filed with the administrator of your IRA, then there is usually little issue ensuring that the IRA transfers to that beneficiary. In these cases, a beneficiary to an IRA that has not yet reached 70 ½ years of age can choose to withdraw the entire amount of the IRA within five years of the owner’s death. After a certain age, a beneficiary may have to make periodic withdrawals as the owner would have had to do, or they may choose to do this to stretch the funds within the IRA over a longer period. With a traditional IRA, the beneficiary withdrawing it will need to pay taxes on the amount of the IRA. Tax consequences of a Roth IRA can be different, and you should consult with an investment planner or estate planning attorney to find out more about rules governing their distribution.

Understanding Elder Law Estate Planning – Trusts and Tax Reporting

Published on: March 18, 2017 | by Ettinger Law Firm

If you are the beneficiary of a trust, there are a number of considerations you should be making when filing your taxes. When filing taxes each year, you should determine how much of your trust distributions made throughout the year will be taxable. In the event that a trust retains income after the calendar year has ended, they will be subject to taxation on that leftover income, thus, it is important to communicate to your trustee, whether that is an individual or a corporate entity, your tax status and what you would like to maintain.

A trust consists of both income and principal. Principal is the corpus of the trust, being any trust property owned by the grantor and now the trust, as well as stocks and investments that have funded the trust. Income is the monetary amount made off of the investments or other products attributed to principal. Based on what distributions were made from principal and what were made from income, the trust must file a K-1 and a 1041.

The 1041 is the tax document important to the trust and trustee because it provides the trust’s deductions from its taxable income distributions made to beneficiaries. The K-1 is given to the beneficiary and gives them a breakdown of the distribution and what their tax liability is to be reported by outlining what distributions were made from income and what came from principal.

Tips to Minimize Fighting Over Your Estate Plan

Published on: March 17, 2017 | by Ettinger Law Firm

Estate planning is not something that should be taken lightly, and understanding the gravity that comes with your estate planning decisions is an important part of creating a comprehensive estate plan. However, one of the most common problems with estate plans is that while they may accurately reflect your wishes, they don’t always reflect what your family thinks those wishes should be. That can leave them vulnerable to attack in court, which can cause unintended consequences for your assets. Aside from utilizing the services of an experienced estate planning attorney, there are some ways to avoid common issues that can give rise to litigation of an estate plan.

Pay Attention to Laws of Intestate Succession

Intestate succession laws help determine how a person’s assets are to be divided when they die if that person has no Will or their Will is found to be invalid. While you are certainly free to distribute your estate as you see fit, understanding the laws of intestate succession can help you distribute your estate in a way that will discourage Will contests because beneficiaries that stand to benefit little from having a Will invalidated will often think twice about doing so.

The Role of Trusts for Foreign Parents of U.S. Children

Published on: March 15, 2017 | by Ettinger Law Firm

Today, moving across the world is far more common than it used to be. More college-age students leave their home countries to pursue educational experiences abroad, and many often remain in the country in which they choose to study. Others leave their home country for a job opportunity or to start a new family of their own. Whatever the reason for leaving, many residents of the United States born in other countries that still have strong, close familial ties in those foreign countries may be at risk of losing portions of the inheritance their family members in other countries may wish to give them.

Tax Consequences

Not every country has a version of the estate tax, though the United States estate tax is not the highest estate taxing country out there according to Tax Foundation. As a result, residents of many other countries may not have to contend with an estate tax in planning to distribute their estate. Leaving an inheritance to their children outright is likely commonplace and causes little disruption to the inheritance process in many places. However, when a citizen of a foreign country wants to leave an inheritance to their child that may be a U.S. citizen, there can be estate tax complications. With the United States estate tax rate of 40 percent, this can have a significant impact on a U.S. child’s foreign inheritance.

The Basics – Guardianship and the Elderly

Published on: March 15, 2017 | by Ettinger Law Firm

As we continue to age, it can be difficult to admit when you are no longer able to handle personal affairs and financial matters on your own. There are a number of alternatives available to those seeking to have their affairs managed by another party, depending upon the individual’s mental capacity to comply with assigning these rights. Those providing caregiver services to the individual, commonly a loved one, may seek retaining legal guardianship of the elderly individual, assigning durable power of attorney and health care power of attorney to specific individuals, or establishing a trust.

Guardianship

Guardianship is a legal status given by the court to create a relationship between someone who is incapacitated or unable to care for themselves and a person determined to be suitable to administer and manage the incapacitated person’s affairs. In order to get a guardianship order, a person must file a petition with the court to review the case at hand. The court assesses the situation, the petitioner, as well as the elderly person to determine what will be the least restrictive method of guardianship. The appointment may include only managing financial affairs, but may also assign responsibility for day to day decision making including support, maintenance, and personal care.